從某種意義上說,都可以看作是廣義“毒物的雙向劑量效應”。健康學不是靠藥物或治療疾病來提高健康水平,而是靠提高身體的活力、機能、免疫力和適應能力使自己更健康或少受傷害。所以通過對身體的一些剌激來增進健康是重要的方法之一。Comparison of Arachis monticola with Diploid and Cultivated Tetraploid Genomes Reveals Asymmetric Subgenome Evolution and Improvement of PeanutFirst author: Dongmei Yin; Affiliations: Henan Agricultural University (河南農業大學): Zhengzhou錛 ChinaCorresponding author: Z. Jeffrey ChenLike many important crops錛 peanut is a polyploid that underwent polyploidization錛 evolution錛 and domestication. The wild allotetraploid peanut species Arachis monticola (A. monticola) is an important and unique link from the wild diploid species to cultivated tetraploid species in the Arachis lineage. However錛 little is known about A. monticola and its role in the evolution and domestication of this important crop. A fully annotated sequence of ≒2.6 Gb A. monticola genome and comparative genomics of the Arachis species is reported. Genomic reconstruction of 17 wild diploids from AA錛 BB錛 EE錛 KK錛 and CC groups and 30 tetraploids demonstrates a monophyletic origin of A and B subgenomes in allotetraploid peanuts. The wild and cultivated tetraploids undergo asymmetric subgenome evolution錛 including homoeologous exchanges錛 homoeolog expression bias錛 and structural variation (SV)錛 leading to subgenome functional divergence during peanut domestication. Significantly錛 SVassociated homoeologs tend to show expression bias and correlation with pod size increase from diploids to wild and cultivated tetraploids. Moreover錛 genomic analysis of disease resistance genes shows the unique alleles present in the wild peanut can be introduced into breeding programs to improve some resistance traits in the cultivated peanuts. These genomic resources are valuable for studying polyploid genome evolution錛 domestication錛 and improvement of peanut production and resistance.與許多其它重要的作物一樣,花生是一個經歷過多倍化、演化和馴化的多倍體物種。野生的異源四倍體花生物種Arachis monticola是野生二倍體物種和栽培四倍體花生之間的關鍵聯系。然而,目前我們對于Arachis monticola在花生的演化和馴化過程中的作用還不是很清楚。本文報道了2.6 Gb大小的Arachis monticola基因組組裝,並且對花生物種的基因組進行了比較分析。對于來自AA、BB、EE、KK和CC群體的17個野生二倍體花生以及30個四倍體花生的基因組重建顯示異源四倍體花生得A和B亞基因組是單系起源的。野生和栽培種花生都經歷了不對稱的亞基因組演化,包括同源交換、同源表達偏好以及結構變異,